There's a riddle that I told my kids when they were just learning to add and subtract. "Ten birds are in a tree and you shoot one. How many are left?" Most kids will tell you the number is nine. When you explain that the number is zero because the rest of them fly away, they learn their first lesson in dynamic analysis.
Some kids never heard that riddle, so they grew up to be journalists. Here's a great example from today's Republic.
Since 1998, Arizona public schools have raked in more than $263 million in private, tax-deductible donations, while private schools have collected $293 million for scholarships.
That represents a total $556 million in lost state revenue over 10 years.
That's right. Ten birds minus one bird equals nine birds, and $263 million plus $293 million equals $556 million. The sentence that presents the total for us would be meaningless surplusage if it were actually correct, but it's, of course, wrong because the reporters have made the bird-in-a-tree mistake.
Let's say that it costs an incremental $10,000 to send a child to public school and that a parent wants to send his child to a private school that costs $6,000. Then let's suppose that the parent gets access to a $2,000 (that the average scholarship) or $3000, or even the full $6,000 in private scholarship money and is able to send the child to private school.
Under the Republic's analysis, that represents a lost of $2,000, $3000 or $6000 in state revenue. However, we know that the state no longer has to pay the $10,000 to educate the student. So the actual SAVINGS is $8,000, $7,000 or $4,000 depending on the size of the scholarship.
You may argue that my numbers are wrong because it doesn't cost an incremental $10,000 to educate a child. The Goldwater Institute would disagree with you on that one. Besides, it doesn't change my argument. The private school scholarships enable parents to opt out of public school and they do so at a substantial savings when compared to public school tuition.
So the "lost state revenue" number in the article is not only simplistic, but it's wrong. You may think I'm being picky, but the whole point of the article is that the tax credits take money away from education. The fundamental point of the article is wrong.
So if ten birds are in a tree...
Next week, we can ask the journalists if they would rather have a truck load of nickels or half a truck load of dimes.
Post Script:
There's another aspect of the tax credits that is even too complex for my kids to understand. Here's the key line from the article.
Schools and parents see these donations as a win-win. Donors get credits on their state taxes, plus a federal tax deduction for a donation;
Golly, doesn't that mean that parents actually make a profit off the credit? After all, they get the full amount back on their AZ taxes and then they get to deduct the amount on their federal taxes.
Shame on them.
Sigh.
I will admit that this one is actually tricky. But here's a quick crack at it.
Your state tax liability is deductible for federal taxes. So since the credit reduces your state liability, you have lost a federal deduction. Making the contribution deductible holds you harmless.
Another way to look at it is that if you get a state refund, it's taxable for federal purposes, so you need to be able to deduct the contribution for federal purposes in order to offset the taxability of the state refund.
(I've left out any possible Alternative Minimum tax calculations.)
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